A major spinal deformity is not only a source of cosmetic and severe psychological problem for a growing child but can also result in slow and progressive paralysis of limbs and could also be  life threatening by causing cardio respiratory disturbances. The deformity can be in coronal plane (scoliosis) or sagital plane (kyphosis).

Most of such deformities are due to idiopathic (unknown cause) and majority of these deformities manifest as the child grows and becomes particularly worse during the growth spurt (adolescence). The other causes of deformity include congenital problems because of problems in the formation of vertebral bones, neuromuscular diseases or degenerative disorders, post infective sequelae or due to inflammatory disorders like ankylosing spondilitis.    

Spinal deformities require a complete and thorough examination including neurologic status and appropriate treatment. In a very young child with a minor curve, some form of brace therapy may be sufficient. However, progressive deformities must be surgically treated at an appropriate time. Once the deformity becomes very severe, rigid, full correction may not be possible, surgery becomes technically difficult, and chances of complications are more.

Correction of the curve and stabilization of the spine is nowadays usually performed with a high rate of success due to the availability of modern spinal instrumentation systems. In most cases, a single stage surgery from the back is sufficient, whereas in very severe cases and in patients in whom the curve is much lower down a combined procedure from front and back is required.
In our hospital we routinely treat children and adults with spinal deformities. In required cases surgery is performed. Iso-C 3D computer navigation is used to enhance patient safety and improve outcomes.   

                
Pre-operative and postoperative pictures of a girl operated for a idiopathic scoliosis
     
Her pre-operative x ray shows a severe scoliotic deformity of the spine. The 
postoperative x rays showing good correction of the scoliosis

             
X rays of a case of congenital scoliosis. Note the excellent correction of the spinal deformity

This patient with a severe post tubercular deformity was treated with a corrective spinal surgery